生态系统方法与中国《环境保护法》的完善

生态系统方法的概念和原则

生态系统方法是一种综合各种方法来解决复杂的社会、经济和生态问题的生态系统管理策略。它是一种新的管理思想，源于20世纪70年代美国五大湖流域管理与森林管理的实践过程。生态系统方法的涵义可以理解为生态系统的管理方法，也可以理解为生态系统的管理途径或方式。该方法的核心思想是综合管理土地、水和生物资源，促进其保护与可持续利用。

生态系统方法的特点

生态系统方法是一种跨学科的综合性方法，它将生态学、环境学和资源科学与社会学、政治学等相关学科知识融合为一体。它不是一种具体的生态系统管理方法，而是一种综合各种方法来解决复杂问题的策略。生态系统方法的特点包括：

• 综合性：生态系统方法综合了多个学科的知识和方法，以全面解决复杂的社会、经济和生态问题。
• 可持续性：生态系统方法强调保护和可持续利用土地、水和生物资源，以实现生态系统的可持续发展。
• 协调性：生态系统方法追求人类与自然的协调发展，通过综合管理来平衡社会经济发展和生态环境保护。
• 参与性：生态系统方法注重各利益相关方的参与和合作，以实现共同的目标。

生态系统方法的意义和应用

生态系统方法的提出对改善生态系统管理状况和完善环境保护法具有重要意义。从环境法学的角度来看，生态系统方法可以为我国的自然资源管理和环境管理提供参考。通过引入和实施生态系统方法，可以有效解决我国面临的诸多严峻问题。

生态系统方法在环境保护法中的指导意义

生态系统方法在我国《环境保护法》中具有重要的指导意义和借鉴价值。该方法强调综合管理和可持续利用土地、水和生物资源，与《环境保护法》的目标和原则相契合。通过引入生态系统方法，可以加强环境保护法的实施，提高自然资源管理和环境管理的效果。

总之，生态系统方法是一种综合各种方法来解决复杂问题的管理策略。它的提出和应用对改善生态系统管理状况和完善环境保护法具有重要意义。通过引入生态系统方法，可以实现自然资源的可持续利用和生态环境的保护。

关键词：

生态系统方法；生态系统管理；生物多样性公约；环境保护法

Abstract:

The ecosystem approach is a strategy of ecosystem management, which integrates various methods to solve complex social, economic, and ecological problems. This article briefly introduces the concept, principles, and characteristics of the ecosystem approach. From the perspective of environmental law, the article explores the significance of the ecosystem approach, aiming to provide reference for natural resource management and environmental management in China, and to inspire improvements in China's Environmental Protection Law.

Keywords:

Ecosystem Approach; Ecosystem Management; Conservation of Biological Diversity; Environment Protection Law

Introduction

The concept of the ecosystem approach is a response of scientists to the global environmental and resource crisis. As a composite field of ecology, environmental science, and resource science, the ecosystem approach is a new interdisciplinary subject that combines natural sciences and humanities. It not only has rich scientific connotations but also has broad application prospects. The ecosystem approach has permeated many fields related to ecosystems, such as biodiversity conservation, natural resource management, environmental management, watershed management, and land use planning. The importance of applying the ecosystem approach has been increasingly recognized by the international community. Currently, China faces many severe problems in ecosystem management. The introduction and implementation of the ecosystem approach will play an important role in improving China's ecosystem management. Therefore, this article discusses the ecosystem approach and its guiding significance and reference value for China's Environmental Protection Law from the perspective of the development of environmental law in China.

The Concept and Principles of the Ecosystem Approach

The ecosystem approach (EA) is a new management approach gradually formed and developed in the process of exploring the coordinated development of humans and nature. It is a term proposed by Western ecologists, and there are several different translations by domestic scholars, such as ecosystem method, ecosystem approach, or ecosystem way. This article chooses the translation of ecosystem approach. Other terms similar to the concept of the ecosystem approach include ecosystem management, ecosystem management approach, and integrated ecosystem management. The idea of the ecosystem approach originated from the practical processes of the management of the Great Lakes basin and forest in the United States in the 1970s. Since the mid-1990s, this concept has gradually developed into the guiding principles and basic framework for the actions of the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD). Since the beginning of the 21st century, the ecosystem approach has been widely applied in global biodiversity conservation, ecosystem management, and natural resource management. Although the concept of the ecosystem approach has been proposed for more than ten years, there is still no academically recognized definition and theoretical framework. According to the definition of the CBD, the ecosystem approach is a strategy that integrates the management of land, water, and biological resources to promote their conservation and sustainable use. In fact, it is difficult to establish the definition of any new discipline. However, we can be sure that the ecosystem approach is not a specific ecosystem management method but a comprehensive method that integrates various disciplines, such as ecology, environmental science, resource science, sociology, and political science, to solve complex social, economic, and ecological problems in ecosystem management.