论企业在水环境保护中的责任

企业水污染事件与环境友好型社会的建立

1. 水资源的可持续利用与社会发展

水资源是维持人类社会发展的重要基础和能源之一，其可持续利用对实现社会可持续发展至关重要。

2. 企业水污染事件与和谐社会的冲突

近年来，水污染事件不断发生，导致社会、政府、企业和个人之间的矛盾公开化，与和谐社会的建立背道而驰。

3. 法律对水资源保护的管理职责

水法、水污染防治法和环境保护法等相关法律重点强调各级人民政府在水资源保护中的重要管理职责。

4. 企业在水资源利用和保护方面的规定

当前的法律对企业如何合理利用和保护水资源以及违反法律引起的责任等方面规定较为宽泛，无法具体操作。

5. 调整和重视企业主体规定的重要意义

政府的水资源管理行为最终需要落实到包括企业在内的各类主体上。因此，在法律上调整和重视企业主体规定对实现水资源可持续利用、构建和谐社会和实现生态文明具有重要意义。

关键词：

生态文明、企业、水污染、责任

Abstract:

Enterprises' water pollution incidents are in conflict with the establishment of an environment-friendly society and hinder the sustainable utilization of water resources. Relevant water laws emphasize the important management responsibilities of various levels of People's Governments in water resource protection. However, the regulations regarding how enterprises should effectively use and protect water resources, as well as the liabilities incurred from violating the law, are vague and impractical. Even with specific regulations, they only address the symptoms rather than the root cause. The government's management actions on water resources ultimately rely on various entities, including enterprises. Therefore, adjusting and emphasizing regulations related to enterprise entities in the legal field is of great significance for achieving sustainable utilization of water resources, building a harmonious society, and realizing ecological civilization.

Keywords:

ecological civilization, enterprise, water pollution, liability

Introduction

Water resources are one of the material foundations and energy sources for the development of human society. Their sustainable utilization is an important factor in achieving sustainable social development. However, the frequent occurrence of water pollution incidents has created conflicts among society, government, enterprises, and individuals, which are contrary to the establishment of a harmonious society. In terms of industrial wastewater discharge, industrial wastewater accounted for 44.7% of the total wastewater discharge in 2006. Enterprises, as the main source of industrial wastewater discharge, have a direct significance in reducing the amount of industrial wastewater discharge and minimizing the damage to water resources during industrial processes. However, the important water laws, such as the Water Law, the Water Pollution Prevention and Control Law, and the Environmental Protection Law, mainly emphasize the important management responsibilities of various levels of People's Governments in water environmental protection and pollution prevention. The regulations regarding how enterprises and other entities should effectively use and protect water resources, as well as the liabilities incurred from violating the law, are not specific and cannot be effectively implemented. Even with specific regulations, they only address the symptoms rather than the root cause. The government's management actions on water resources ultimately rely on various entities, including enterprises. Therefore, adjusting and emphasizing regulations related to enterprise entities in the legal field is of great significance for achieving water resource protection, preventing water pollution, solving the water crisis, and realizing a harmonious society and ecological civilization. Implementing corporate responsibilities properly is also beneficial to the fulfillment of government management responsibilities and reduces the burden on the government.

1. The Relationship between Enterprise Water Environmental Protection Responsibility and Ecological Civilization

The 17th National Congress of the Communist Party of China explicitly proposed for the first time the construction of ecological civilization, which aims to fundamentally transform the industrial structure, growth mode, and consumption patterns to save energy resources and protect the ecological environment. The concept of ecological civilization, firmly established throughout society, will change our thinking mode, production methods, and lifestyles. Resources are no longer free, waste is no longer arbitrarily disposed of, and safety awareness is gradually increasing, leading to the emergence of new and stricter environmental responsibilities. This is because in the process of modernization, the exponential growth of productivity has reached an unprecedented level of danger and potential threats. The worsening water pollution and increasing ecological damage today must be restrained by strict water environmental responsibilities to ensure the improvement of the environment and the preservation of ecological civilization and human civilization. The construction of the ecological civilization system is not just empty talk or a slogan; it requires a series of institutional arrangements to be implemented. The environmental legal system is the legal guarantee for realizing ecological civilization, and the environmental legal liability system is the core of the environmental legal system. Water environmental legal liability is a part of the environmental legal liability system, and its improvement is conducive to realizing ecological civilization. At the same time, the high standards and strict water environmental protection responsibilities imposed on enterprises provide a basis for ecological civilization. The research on enterprise water environmental protection responsibility from the perspective of ecological civilization can guide us to explore new research areas and discover new phenomena.