水资源是维持人类社会发展的重要基础和能源之一，其可持续利用对实现社会可持续发展至关重要。
近年来，水污染事件不断发生，导致社会、政府、企业和个人之间的矛盾公开化，与和谐社会的建立背道而驰。
水法、水污染防治法和环境保护法等相关法律重点强调各级人民政府在水资源保护中的重要管理职责。
当前的法律对企业如何合理利用和保护水资源以及违反法律引起的责任等方面规定较为宽泛，无法具体操作。
政府的水资源管理行为最终需要落实到包括企业在内的各类主体上。因此，在法律上调整和重视企业主体规定对实现水资源可持续利用、构建和谐社会和实现生态文明具有重要意义。
生态文明、企业、水污染、责任
Enterprises' water pollution incidents are in conflict with the establishment of an environment-friendly society and hinder the sustainable utilization of water resources. Relevant water laws emphasize the important management responsibilities of various levels of People's Governments in water resource protection. However, the regulations regarding how enterprises should effectively use and protect water resources, as well as the liabilities incurred from violating the law, are vague and impractical. Even with specific regulations, they only address the symptoms rather than the root cause. The government's management actions on water resources ultimately rely on various entities, including enterprises. Therefore, adjusting and emphasizing regulations related to enterprise entities in the legal field is of great significance for achieving sustainable utilization of water resources, building a harmonious society, and realizing ecological civilization.
ecological civilization, enterprise, water pollution, liability
Water resources are one of the material foundations and energy sources for the development of human society. Their sustainable utilization is an important factor in achieving sustainable social development. However, the frequent occurrence of water pollution incidents has created conflicts among society, government, enterprises, and individuals, which are contrary to the establishment of a harmonious society. In terms of industrial wastewater discharge, industrial wastewater accounted for 44.7% of the total wastewater discharge in 2006. Enterprises, as the main source of industrial wastewater discharge, have a direct significance in reducing the amount of industrial wastewater discharge and minimizing the damage to water resources during industrial processes. However, the important water laws, such as the Water Law, the Water Pollution Prevention and Control Law, and the Environmental Protection Law, mainly emphasize the important management responsibilities of various levels of People's Governments in water environmental protection and pollution prevention. The regulations regarding how enterprises and other entities should effectively use and protect water resources, as well as the liabilities incurred from violating the law, are not specific and cannot be effectively implemented. Even with specific regulations, they only address the symptoms rather than the root cause. The government's management actions on water resources ultimately rely on various entities, including enterprises. Therefore, adjusting and emphasizing regulations related to enterprise entities in the legal field is of great significance for achieving water resource protection, preventing water pollution, solving the water crisis, and realizing a harmonious society and ecological civilization. Implementing corporate responsibilities properly is also beneficial to the fulfillment of government management responsibilities and reduces the burden on the government.
The 17th National Congress of the Communist Party of China explicitly proposed for the first time the construction of ecological civilization, which aims to fundamentally transform the industrial structure, growth mode, and consumption patterns to save energy resources and protect the ecological environment. The concept of ecological civilization, firmly established throughout society, will change our thinking mode, production methods, and lifestyles. Resources are no longer free, waste is no longer arbitrarily disposed of, and safety awareness is gradually increasing, leading to the emergence of new and stricter environmental responsibilities. This is because in the process of modernization, the exponential growth of productivity has reached an unprecedented level of danger and potential threats. The worsening water pollution and increasing ecological damage today must be restrained by strict water environmental responsibilities to ensure the improvement of the environment and the preservation of ecological civilization and human civilization. The construction of the ecological civilization system is not just empty talk or a slogan; it requires a series of institutional arrangements to be implemented. The environmental legal system is the legal guarantee for realizing ecological civilization, and the environmental legal liability system is the core of the environmental legal system. Water environmental legal liability is a part of the environmental legal liability system, and its improvement is conducive to realizing ecological civilization. At the same time, the high standards and strict water environmental protection responsibilities imposed on enterprises provide a basis for ecological civilization. The research on enterprise water environmental protection responsibility from the perspective of ecological civilization can guide us to explore new research areas and discover new phenomena.
生活垃圾处理和污染综合治理的重要性，以及如何通过政策法规、资金投入、分类指导等措施加强处理能力和无害化处理率的提高。目标是建立健全生活垃圾处理政策体系和污染综合治理监管体系，实现减量化、资源化和无害化，有效控制生活垃圾污染。同时，多管齐下综合治理，从
空调噪音的国家标准规定。根据制冷量的不同，空调室内机和室外机的额定噪声也有所不同。分体式空调器也有相应的噪音标准。文章还介绍了听力损伤的分类和进展，包括急性噪音引起的听力下降和噪声性耳聋等。在使用空调时，需要注意降低空调噪音，避免听力受损。
民法在环境保护中有其独特的作用。1986年的《民法通则》对各种侵权行为的民事责任作了原则规定。结合环境保护有关法律、法规的规定，以及司法实践，《民法通则》第134条列举的承担民事责任的十种形式中，适用于环境污染案件的有五种，即：停止侵害、排除妨碍、消除危险
依据最高人民法院新的《关于民事诉讼证据若干规定》第4条第款，环境污染赔偿纠纷的加害人应就两方面事项承担举证责任：①法律规定的免责事由;②其行为与损害结果之间不存在因果关系。所谓的因果关系是人们从长期实践经验中所总结出来的就前后两种现象所存在的带有内在规
